

Urinary System
- Components: Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra.
- Function: Filters blood and removes waste.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
Infections affecting any part of the urinary system, including the bladder (cystitis) and kidneys (pyelonephritis).
Kidney Stones
Hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys, causing pain and potential urinary blockage.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Gradual loss of kidney function over time.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Sudden decline in kidney function due to various causes, such as dehydration, medications, or infections.
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the kidney's filtering units (glomeruli), which can lead to kidney damage.
Nephrotic Syndrome
A condition characterized by high protein levels in urine, low protein levels in blood, and swelling.
Urinary Incontinence
Loss of bladder control, leading to involuntary leakage of urine.
Prostatitis
Inflammation of the prostate gland, which can cause pain and urinary issues in men.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate, leading to urinary obstruction and symptoms.
Pyelonephritis
A type of UTI that begins in the urethra or bladder and travels to one or both kidneys.
Urethral Stricture
Narrowing of the urethra caused by injury, infection, or inflammation, leading to urinary flow issues.
Urinary Retention
Inability to empty the bladder completely, which can be acute or chronic.
Cystitis (Bladder Inflammation)
Inflammation of the bladder, often due to infection but can also result from irritants (e.g., chemicals, radiation).
Renal Cell Carcinoma
The most common type of kidney cancer.
Bladder Cancer
Cancer that forms in the tissues of the bladder.